Soft Matter and Physics of Biopolymers

Welcome to our webpage! We are interested in the theoretical and computational study of soft matter systems, with a special interest in biopolymers. Go to the "People" tab to meet us! You can find out what we are working on by clicking on the "Research" tab or peeking at the publication list.

News

4 November 2025
Salvatore delivers a talk on lipid mesophases at the 3rd Spanish Soft Matter 1 1/2 Day

10 October 2025
A big welcome to MSc students Antonio and Álvaro!

06 October 2025
Congratulations to Alberto, who is the recipient of an IFIMAC grant for his MSc thesis!

26 September 2025
What a month! After a great defense, Eva has now earned the title of PhD! Congratulations Eva!

12 September 2025
An important milestone for the group: Juan brilliantly defended his PhD viva and became the first PhD to graduate from the group! Congratulations Juan!

03 September 2025
Welcome Alberto, who will pursue his MSc project in the group!

01 September 2025
Yago rejoins our group as a PhD student! Welcome back!

24 August 2025
New paper out led by Eva on simulations of incorporation of macromolecules in lipid cubic phases! Check it out on JCIS!

29 July 2025
New preprint on protein recognition of RNA secondary structures, result of a great collaboration with Isabel Chillón!

15 July 2025
A big welcome to Jorge in our group as a new PhD student!

27 June 2025
Yago has succesfully defended his MSc project on the impact of electrostatics in Hsp70-induced protein import. Big congrats!

29 May 2025
Miriam brilliantly defended her BSc project on coarse-grained simulations of DNA packaging in nucleosomes! Congratulations and ad maiora!

31 January 2025
Salvatore has given an invited talk to the GEFES2025 conference

07 November 2024
Very glad to welcome María López from EPFL as a visiting PhD student!

21 October 2024
Miriam Moreno and Yago Casado join the SMPB group for their BSc and MSc projects. Welcome!

Contact & Links

Research Interests



DNA Mechanics

DNA carries all the information needed for survival and reproduction of a cell. This information is physically encoded by forming chains of nucleotides (A,C,G,T) in a specific order, thus obtaining a four-letters encoding string. The well-known double helix in which these chains are geometrically organized is far from being homogeneous. Experimental evidence shows indeed that the actual geometry locally deviates from an ideal double-helix, according to the sequence of the fragment under inspection. Thus, the composition of the DNA molecule is also reflected into its specific conformational features, which in turn evidence the presence of sequence- dependent elastic properties. These features play a key role in promoting or inhibiting the interaction with the protein machinery of the cell, thus ultimately affecting the epigenetic regulation of DNA and the emergence of diseases should such regulation fail.
More recently, the role of RNA has also been shown to be more widespread than envisaged previously. For instance, it has been demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs have key regulatory effects in the cell, yet their molecular description is far from being clear. This is due to the single-stranded nature of the RNA typically found in the cell and to the presence of many weak interactions, which confer to this molecule a rich conformational heterogeneity.
Our current research line is focused on investigating the sequence-dependent molecular properties of DNA and RNA, and their role in biocellular processes. For instance, via atomistic simulations we have uncovered the change in the elasticity response of double-stranded nucleic acids, finding that dsDNA becomes stiffer while dsRNA becomes softer upon pulling. We have also shown that the stretching elasticity of dsDNA is a universal function of its local minimum-energy conformation.
We also look at larger molecules via coarse-grained approaches. For instance, we have developed the coarse-grained model MADna, which provides an accurate sequence-dependent description of the elasticity and conformation of double-stranded DNA based on an extensive dataset of all-atom simulations. At even larger scales, we have employed coars(er)-grained descriptions of topologically-bound membranes, inspired by the kinetoplasts observed in certain parasytes, and observed the emergence of spontaneous Gaussian curvature induced by the linking chirality.

Publications List

  1. Conserved architecture of a functional lncRNA-protein interaction in the DNA damage response pathway
    S. Assenza, C. Blanco, C. Favard, J. Carnesecchi, M. Marcia and I. Chillón
    bioRxiv preprint (2025)

  2. Hydrophilicity and topology interplay determines positioning of guest molecules in lipid cubic phases
    E. Zunzunegui-Bru, S. Assenza* and R. Mezzenga
    J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 702, 138802 (2026) ( *Co-corresponding Author )

  3. Lipidic drug delivery systems are responsive to the human microbiome
    J. Caukwell, S. Assenza, K. A. Hassan, B. A. Neilan, A. J. Clulow, L. Salvati Manni and W.-K. Fong
    J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 677, 293 (2025)

  4. Shape and size tunability of sheets of interlocked ring copolymers
    J. Luengo-Márquez*, S. Assenza and C. Micheletti
    Soft Matter 20, 6595 (2024) ( *Co-corresponding Author )

  5. Universality in the Structure and Dynamics of Water under Lipidic Mesophase Soft Nanoconfinement
    E. Zunzunegui-Bru, S. R. Alfarano, P. Zueblin, H. Vondracek, F. Piccirilli, L. Vaccari, S. Assenza* and R. Mezzenga
    ACS Nano 18, 21376 (2024) ( *Co-corresponding Author )

  6. Hierarchical Protofilament Intertwining Rules the Formation of Mixed-Curvature Amyloid Polymorphs
    J. Zhou, S. Assenza* , M. Tatli, J. Tian, I. M. Ilie, E. L. Starostin, A. Caflisch, T. P. J. Knowles, G. Dietler, F. S. Ruggeri, H. Stahlberg, S. K. Sekatskii and R. Mezzenga
    Adv. Sci. 11, 2402740 (2024) ( *Co-first Author )

  7. Systematic comparison of atomistic force fields for the mechanical properties of double-stranded DNA
    C. Roldán-Piñero, J. Luengo-Márquez , S. Assenza* and R. Pérez
    J. Chem. Theory Comput. 20, 2261 (2024) ( *Co-corresponding Author )

  8. RNA multiscale simulations as an interplay of electrostatic, mechanical properties, and structures inside viruses
    S. Cruz-León, S. Assenza, S. Poblete and H. V. Guzman
    Book chapter in Physical Virology. Springer Series in Biophysics, vol 24 - Editors M. Comas-García and S. Rosales-Mendoza (2023)

  9. Unusual phosphatidylcholine lipid phase behavior in the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate
    L. Salvati Manni, C. Davies, K. Wood, S. Assenza, R. Atkin and G. G. Warr
    J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 643, 276 (2023)

  10. Force-dependent elasticity of nucleic acids
    J. Luengo-Márquez, J. Zalvide-Pombo, R. Pérez and S. Assenza
    Nanoscale 15, 6738 (2023)

  11. Interplay of Hydropathy and Heterogeneous Diffusion in the Molecular Transport Within Lamellar Lipid Mesophases
    A. M. Bosch and S. Assenza
    Pharmaceutics 15, 573 (2023)

  12. A fluorescent multi-domain protein construct reveals the individual steps of the unfoldase action of Hsp70
    S. Tiwari, B. Fauvet, S. Assenza, P. De Los Rios and P. Goloubinoff
    Nature Chem. Biol. 19, 198 (2023)

  13. Intermolecular forces at ice and water interfaces: Premelting, surface freezing, and regelation
    J. Luengo-Márquez, F. Izquierdo-Ruiz and L. G. MacDowell
    J. Chem. Phys. 157, 044704 (2022)

  14. Accurate sequence-dependent coarse-grained model for conformational and elastic properties of double-stranded DNA
    S. Assenza and R. Pérez
    J. Chem. Theory Comput. 18, 3239 (2022)

  15. Analytical theory for the crossover from retarded to non-retarded interactions between metal plates
    J. Luengo-Márquez* and L. G. MacDowell
    J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 34, 275701 (2022) ( *Co-corresponding Author )

  16. Enzymatic hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols and their cyclopropanated derivatives: Molecular structure and nanostructure determine the rate of digestion
    L. Salvati Manni, M. Duss, S. Assenza, B. J. Boyd, E. M. Landau and W.-K. Fong
    J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 588, 767 (2021)

  17. Interplay between confinement and drag forces determine the fate of amyloid fibrils
    K. B. Smith, M. Wehrli, A. Japaridze, S. Assenza, C. Dekker and R. Mezzenga
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 118102 (2020)

  18. Efficient conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work by Hsp70 chaperones
    S. Assenza, A. S. Sassi, R. Kellner, B. Schuler, P. De Los Rios and A. Barducci
    eLife 8, e48491 (2019)

  19. Six-fold director field configuration in amyloid nematic and cholesteric phases
    M. Bagnani, P. Azzari, S. Assenza and R. Mezzenga
    Sci. Rep. 9, 12654 (2019)

  20. Soft condensed matter physics of foods and macronutrients
    S. Assenza and R. Mezzenga
    Nature Reviews Physics 1, 551 (2019)
    (Click here to access it for free)

  21. Spatiotemporal Control of Enzyme‐Induced Crystallization Under Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Nanoconfinement
    J. J. Vallooran, S. Assenza and R. Mezzenga
    Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 7289 (2019)

  22. Impact of Molecular Partitioning and Partial Equilibration on the Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients from Release Experiments
    R. Ghanbari, S. Assenza*, P. Zueblin and R. Mezzenga
    Langmuir 35, 5663 (2019) ( *Co-first author )

  23. Soft biomimetic nanoconfinement promotes amorphous water over ice
    L. Salvati Manni, S. Assenza*, M. Duss, J. J. Vallooran, F. Juranyi, S. Jurt, O. Zerbe, E. M. Landau and R. Mezzenga
    Nature Nanotechnology 14, 609 (2019) ( *Co-first author )

  24. The interplay of channel geometry and molecular features determines diffusion in lipidic cubic phases
    R. Ghanbari, S. Assenza and R. Mezzenga
    J. Chem. Phys. 150, 094901 (2019)

  25. Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils
    K. B. Smith, J.‐N. Tisserant, S. Assenza, M. Arcari, G. Nyström and R. Mezzenga
    Adv. Sci. 6, 1801540 (2019)

  26. Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbohydrates by Aldolase Nano-Confined in Lipidic Cubic Mesophases
    T. Zhou, J. J. Vallooran, S. Assenza, A. Szekrenyi, P. Clapés and R. Mezzenga
    ACS Catal. 8, 5810 (2018)

  27. Curvature and bottlenecks control molecular transport in inverse bicontinuous cubic phases
    S. Assenza and R. Mezzenga
    J. Chem. Phys. 148,054902 (2018)
  28. Shape of a Stretched Polymer
    A. S. Sassi, S. Assenza* and P. De Los Rios
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 037801 (2017) ( *Corresponding Author )
  29. Diffusion of Polymers through Periodic Networks of Lipid-Based Nanochannels
    R. Ghanbari, S. Assenza*, A. Saha and R. Mezzenga
    Langmuir 33,3491 (2017) ( *Co-first author )
  30. Quantifying the transport properties of lipid mesophases by theoretical modelling of diffusion experiments
    L. M. Antognini, S. Assenza, C. Speziale and R. Mezzenga
    J. Chem. Phys. 145,084903 (2016)
  31. Quantifying the role of chaperones in protein translocation by computational modeling
    S. Assenza*, P. De Los Rios and A. Barducci
    Front. Mol. Biosci. 2,8 (2015) ( *Co-corresponding Author )
  32. Universal Behavior in the Mesoscale Properties of Amyloid Fibrils
    S. Assenza, J. Adamcik, R. Mezzenga and P. De Los Rios
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 268103 (2014)
  33. Emerging Meso- and Macroscales from Synchronization of Adaptive Networks
    R. Gutiérrez, A. Amann, S. Assenza, J. Gómez-Gardeñes, V. Latora, and S. Boccaletti
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 234103 (2011)
  34. Emergence of structural patterns out of synchronization in networks with competitive interactions
    S. Assenza, R. Gutiérrez, J. Gómez-Gardeñes, V. Latora, and S. Boccaletti
    Sci. Rep. 1,99 (2011)
  35. Enhancement of cooperation in highly clustered scale-free networks
    S. Assenza, J. Gómez-Gardeñes and V. Latora
    Phys. Rev. E 78,017101 (2008)

Software Tools

Here you can find some tools that we developed. Click on the image of the tool to use it (in some cases, you will be redirected to a GitHub page). The tools can be freely used, and relevant references are listed for each of them. Please cite the appropriate articles if you use the tools in your research!
Structure of lipid mesophases
Structural info of mesophases
Diffusion in mesophase
Diffusion Coefficient in Water Channels
DNA Mechanics
Mechanically-accurate DNA (MADna)

IDP potential
IDP potential from this article

Open Positions

We always welcome inquiries from prospective PhD students or postdocs interested in joining us to pursue nice research projects. Get in touch to discuss possible funding opportunities offered by national and international programs.

Current Members

Click on the pictures for further info

Salvatore Assenza
Salvatore Assenza
Principal Investigator
Jorge García Inglés
Jorge García Inglés
PhD Student
(co-advised with L. Zotti)
Juan Luengo
Juan Luengo Márquez
PhD Student
Yago Casado Molinero
Yago Casado Molinero
PhD Student
(co-advised with R. Pérez)
Antonio Estacio Mateos
Antonio Estacio Mateos
MSc Student
Alberto López Rodríguez
Alberto López Rodríguez
MSc Student
Álvaro Bueso Higueras
Álvaro Bueso Higueras
MSc Student

Alumni

• Eva Zunzunegui Bru, PhD (2021-2025)
• Miriam Moreno Sierra, BSc (2024-2025)
• Nerea Alcázar Cano, Postdoc (2022-2023)
• Sebastián Jiménez Millán, MSc (2022-2023)
• Diego José Craviotto Villegas, BSc (2022-2023)
• Carlos Díaz Alcón, BSc (2022-2023)
• Julia Rubio Loscertales, BSc (2020-2021) and MSc (2021-2022)
• Antonio Miguel Bosch Fernández, MSc (2021-2022)
• Diego Alcón Vela, MSc (2021-2022)
• Juan Zalvide Pombo, BSc (2020-2021)
• Aarnau Martorell, MSc (2020-2021)
• Rodrigo Rosado del Castillo, BSc (2019-2020)
• Paride Azzari, MSc (2017-2018)
• Luca Antognini, MSc (2016-2017)
• Alberto Sassi, MSc (2014-2015)

Present and Past Collaborators

Fernando Moreno
Fernando Moreno Herrero
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología - CSIC (Spain)
Laura Arriaga
Laura R. Arriaga
IFIMAC & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
Juan Aragonés
Juan Aragonés
IFIMAC & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
Alessandro Barducci
Alessandro Barducci
Centre de Biochimie Structurale de Montpellier (France)
Pierre Goloubinoff
Pierre Goloubinoff
University of Lausanne (Switzerland)
Livia Salvati Manni
Livia Salvati Manni
The University of Sydney (Australia)
Khay Fong
Wye-Khay Fong
Monash University (Australia)
Raffaele Mezzenga
Raffaele Mezzenga
ETH Zürich (Switzerland)
Paolo De Los Rios
Paolo De Los Rios
EPFL (Switzerland)
Rubén Pérez
Rubén Pérez
IFIMAC & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
Jesús Gómez Gardeñes
Jesús Gómez Gardeñes
Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)
Vito Latora
Vito Latora
Queen Mary, University of London (United Kingdom)